— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
一位糖尿病病人自述腳部麻木與刺痛。護理師應提供哪些足部護理指導？（選所有適合的）
A client with diabetes mellitus reports numbness and tingling in their feet. Which foot care instructions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
- AInspect feet daily for redness, sores, or cracks✓ 正解每日檢查腳部是否有紅腫、傷口或裂縫
- BUse a heating pad on the feet to improve circulation使用熱敷墊於腳部以促進循環
- CApply moisturizing lotion between the toes to prevent cracking在趾間塗抹保濕乳液以預防乾裂
- DWear well-fitting, leather or canvas shoes✓ 正解穿著合腳的皮革或帆布鞋
- ECut toenails straight across and file the edges✓ 正解將指甲直向修剪並修磨邊緣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病足部照護重點在於預防微損傷引發感染。每日檢查可早期發現足部潰瘍；穿著合適鞋具可避免壓力點；腳指甲平剪可避免指甲內嵌。禁用熱敷墊是因為病人神經病變導致感覺減退，極易燙傷而不自知；腳趾間抹乳液會導致潮濕，增加黴菌感染風險。
Diabetic foot care focuses on preventing injury and infection through daily inspection, wearing properly fitted shoes, and cutting toenails straight across to avoid ingrown nails. Heating pads are contraindicated due to reduced sensation increasing burn risk, and applying lotion between toes should be avoided to prevent fungal growth from excess moisture.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國糖尿病衛教師 (CDE) 對足部指導有標準化流程，台灣則多由衛教室提供，護理師需強化日常落實度。