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基本照護與舒適 · HARD · MCQ

一位 82 歲患有重度失智症且髖骨骨折的病人無法言語。哪項評估結果最能可靠地顯示病人正處於疼痛中?

An 82-year-old client with advanced dementia and a fractured hip is non-verbal. Which assessment finding most reliably indicates the client is experiencing pain?

  • AThe client sleeping quietly for 4 hours
    個案安靜睡眠達4小時
  • BBlood pressure of 160/90 mmHg
    血壓 160/90 mmHg
  • CFacial grimacing during repositioning✓ 正解
    翻身時面部表情扭曲
  • DOxygen saturation of 94%
    血氧飽和度 94%
Explanation · 中文詳解

對於無法自我表達(Non-verbal)的病人,行為觀察是疼痛評估的金標準。失智症病人可能無法理解疼痛量表,但其生理與情緒反應會透過表情、肢體動作或聲音傳遞。面部表情(如皺眉、扭曲)在搬動時加劇,是典型的行為性疼痛指標(PAINAD 量表核心項目)。生命徵象(B)雖會受疼痛影響,但也會受藥物、壓力或疾病(如高血壓)干擾,不夠特異。安靜入睡(A)有時是病人的退縮表現或是因為筋疲力竭,不能排除疼痛。護理師應具備敏銳的觀察力,在執行基本照護動作時同步觀察病人的非語言訊號,以提供及時的止痛介入。

For non-verbal clients with dementia, behavioral indicators such as facial grimacing during movement are the most reliable signs of pain. While vital signs may change, they are less specific due to other influencing factors, and quiet behavior does not rule out pain as some patients withdraw or become exhausted.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 強調使用標準化工具如 PAINAD 或 CPOT 進行評估;台灣臨床雖然也引進這些量表,但在照護負荷重時,往往較依賴直覺觀察或等待家屬反映,而非結構化的定時評估。

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