護理師的哪些行為展現了對病人隱私保護的理解？（選所有適合的）
Which actions by the nurse demonstrate an understanding of client confidentiality? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiscussing the client's laboratory results in the elevator在電梯中討論病人的實驗室結果
- BLogging off the computer after entering nursing notes✓ 正解輸入護理紀錄後登出電腦
- CSharing the password with a coworker who forgot theirs與忘記密碼的同事共用密碼
- DEnsuring the computer screen is not visible to others✓ 正解確保電腦螢幕不對外可見
- EDiscussing the client's condition with family members only with the client's permission✓ 正解僅在獲得病人許可的情況下與家屬討論病人的狀況
此題核心為「病人隱私保護（HIPAA）」。護理專業規範要求護理師必須確保病人的健康資訊（PHI）僅在治療需求下被存取與揭露。正確行為包含：離開電腦時登出以防未經授權存取、確保螢幕隱私（Privacy Screen）避免路過者窺視，以及僅在獲得病人同意後與其親屬討論病情。這些措施旨在防止資訊外洩，維護病人的隱私權。
The core concept is protection of patient privacy (HIPAA). Professional nursing standards require that the nurse ensure protected health information (PHI) is accessed and disclosed only as needed for care. Appropriate behaviors include logging off the computer when stepping away to prevent unauthorized access, ensuring privacy of the screen to avoid viewing by passersby, and discussing the client's condition with family members only after obtaining the client's consent. These measures are designed to prevent information leakage and uphold the client's right to privacy.
美國嚴格執行 HIPAA 法規，違規可能面臨高額罰款及法律訴訟；台灣《個人資料保護法》及醫療法雖有規範，但臨床場域對電子病歷的資安稽核與罰則，美方標準更為嚴謹且強制。