— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師指導一位有 COPD 病史的病人，下列哪項出院指導對於預防呼吸道感染最為重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of COPD. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching to prevent respiratory infection?
- AMaintain a high-sodium diet維持高鈉飲食
- BPerform deep breathing and coughing exercises✓ 正解進行深呼吸與咳嗽練習
- CStay indoors during the winter months在冬季月份待室內
- DAvoid annual influenza vaccinations避免接種年度流感疫苗
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
COPD 病人肺部彈性差，易積痰引發感染。教導深呼吸與有效咳嗽（huff coughing）能清除肺部深處的分泌物，降低細菌滋生風險。疫苗應施打而非避免；高鈉對循環負擔重；待在室內並非預防感染之關鍵，關鍵在於呼吸道清潔。
COPD patients have poor lung elasticity and tend to retain secretions, leading to infection. Teaching deep breathing and effective coughing (huff coughing) helps clear secretions from the deep lungs and reduces the risk of bacterial growth. Vaccinations should be administered rather than avoided; high sodium intake increases circulatory burden; staying indoors is not the key to preventing infection - the key is airway hygiene.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 COPD 衛教強調肺部復健（Pulmonary Rehab），台灣則需加強鼓勵病人參與此類運動計畫。