病人正在進行萬古黴素靜脈輸注，護理師發現病人臉部及頸部出現潮紅、搔癢及紅疹。應優先採取何種行動？
A client is receiving an IV infusion of vancomycin. The nurse notes the client develops flushing, pruritus, and erythematous rash on the face and neck. Which action is the priority?
- AObtain vital signs測量生命徵象
- BAdminister an antihistamine as ordered依醫囑給予抗組織胺
- CSlow the rate of the infusion✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
- DStop the infusion immediately立即停止輸注
此臨床表現為紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），主要是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快導致組織胺釋放。處置首要為減慢輸注速率，並評估症狀是否緩解。若嚴重過敏（如低血壓、呼吸窘迫）則需停止；輕微紅人症減速即可，並非立即停止。
This clinical presentation is red man syndrome, which is mainly due to histamine release caused by overly rapid vancomycin infusion. The initial management is to slow the infusion rate and assess whether the symptoms resolve. If severe allergic reactions occur (such as hypotension or respiratory distress), the infusion must be stopped; for mild red man syndrome, slowing the infusion is sufficient, and immediate discontinuation is not required.
美台臨床皆視調整輸注速度為首要處置，但美國護理師常依據給藥指引自行調整，台灣則建議先告知醫師再調整。