病人正接受萬古黴素（Vancomycin）靜脈滴注。護理師發現病人的臉部和頸部發紅且瘙癢。護理師應先做什麼？
A client is receiving an IV infusion of Vancomycin. The nurse notes the client's face and neck are becoming bright red and itchy. What should the nurse do first?
- AAdminister epinephrine給予腎上腺素
- BSlow the rate of the infusion✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
- CApply a cold compress to the neck在頸部應用冷敷
- DStop the infusion immediately立即停止輸注
萬古黴素（Vancomycin）是一種廣效抗生素，常用於治療革蘭氏陽性菌引起的嚴重感染。在靜脈滴注萬古黴素時，病人有時會出現一種稱為「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome）的反應。這種症候群的特徵是臉部、頸部、軀幹和四肢出現潮紅、發紅、瘙癢，有時伴隨低血壓、心跳加速和肌肉痙攣。 紅人症候群並非真正的過敏反應，而是由於萬古黴素滴注速度過快，導致肥大細胞（mast cells）大量釋放組織胺（histamine）所引起。因此，當護理師觀察到這些症狀時，首要且最直接的處理方式是減慢萬古黴素的滴注速度。這通常能有效緩解症狀，而無需完全停止輸注或使用腎上腺素等更強烈的藥物。若症狀持續或惡化，才需考慮暫停輸注或給予抗組織胺藥物。
The client is experiencing Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion rather than a true allergy. The priority action is to slow the infusion rate, which typically resolves the flushing and itching without needing to stop the medication entirely or administer epinephrine.