護理師準備靜脈給予氯化鉀溶液，應執行哪些安全措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously. Which of the following safety measures must be implemented? (Select all that apply.)
- AEnsure the medication is diluted according to facility policy✓ 正解確保藥物依機構政策稀釋
- BAdminister the potassium as a rapid IV bolus快速靜脈推注給藥鉀離子
- CVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral infusion✓ 正解確認周邊靜脈輸注濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- DUse an infusion pump to control the rate✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦控制給藥速率
- EAssess the patency of the IV site before starting the infusion✓ 正解開始輸注前評估靜脈通路是否暢通
鉀離子是高警訊藥物，靜脈給藥極度危險。絕對禁止直接推注（Bolus），因為會造成心跳停止。給藥前須確認靜脈通路通暢以防外滲，並使用輸注幫浦控制流速。周邊靜脈給藥有濃度限制，通常不宜超過 10 mEq/100 mL，過高濃度會導致靜脈炎或嚴重組織壞死。
Potassium is a high-alert medication, and IV administration is extremely dangerous. IV bolus administration is strictly prohibited because it can cause cardiac arrest. Before administration, IV patency must be confirmed to prevent extravasation, and an infusion pump should be used to control the rate. There are concentration limits for peripheral IV administration, typically not exceeding 10 mEq/100 mL; excessive concentrations can cause phlebitis or severe tissue necrosis.
台灣醫院常規配藥常由藥局提供預混液，美國護理師有時需在單位內依規章混合，兩者皆要求雙人核對。