護理師照護一位剛完成腹部手術並留置 Penrose 引流管的病人，哪項措施能有效預防感染？
A nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from an abdominal surgery and has a Penrose drain. Which action should the nurse prioritize to prevent infection?
- ARemove the drain when the drainage is less than 50 mL in 24 hours當24小時引流量少於50 mL時移除引流管
- BIrrigate the drain with normal saline every shift每班次以生理食鹽水沖洗引流管
- CApply a sterile dry dressing and change it whenever it becomes wet✓ 正解覆蓋無菌乾燥敷料，並隨時更換已潮濕之敷料
- DPosition the client so that the drain is kept below the incision level安置病人使引流管位置低於切口水平
Penrose 引流管是開放式系統，傷口敷料若潮濕會形成細菌進入通道，增加逆行性感染風險。頻繁更換潮濕敷料能保持局部乾燥，避免滲出液成為微生物培養皿。B 錯誤：此類引流管不需常規沖洗；C 為醫師權責；D 雖然維持重力引流正確，但對於開放式引流管，保護傷口乾燥防濕是防感染的最關鍵防線。
A Penrose drain is an open drainage system; a wet dressing creates a pathway for bacteria to enter the wound, increasing the risk of retrograde infection. Frequent changes when dressings become wet keep the area dry and prevent drainage from acting as a microbial culture medium. Option B is incorrect because routine irrigation of this type of drain is not indicated; option A is a provider decision; option D, although maintaining gravity drainage is correct, for an open drain protecting the wound from moisture is the most critical line of defense against infection.
美國護理師常依據傷口照護準則執行敷料更換；台灣常規下這類操作高度依賴醫囑或標準化護理程序。