護理師正在評估一位病人罹患骨質疏鬆症的風險。下列何種生活方式因素具有保護作用？

骨質疏鬆症（Osteoporosis）是骨密度降低導致骨折風險增加的疾病。飲食中攝取足夠的鈣質和維生素 D 是維持骨骼強度的關鍵。鈣質是骨骼的主要結構成分，而維生素 D 對於腸道吸收鈣質至關重要。護理師應建議病人透過飲食（如乳製品、深綠色蔬菜）或必要時補充劑來達到每日建議量，並配合適度的負重運動來強化骨密度。

Osteoporosis is a disease in which decreased bone density leads to an increased risk of fracture. Adequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D is key to maintaining bone strength. Calcium is the principal structural component of bone, while vitamin D is essential for intestinal absorption of calcium. The nurse should advise the patient to meet the daily recommended intake through diet (such as dairy products and dark green leafy vegetables) or, when necessary, through supplements, in combination with appropriate weight-bearing exercise to strengthen bone density.