對於術後病患，下列哪項護理措施在預防肺炎最有效？
Which of the following nursing interventions is most effective in preventing pneumonia in a post-operative client?
- AKeeping the client in a supine position使病患保持仰臥姿勢
- BEncouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises✓ 正解鼓勵深呼吸與咳嗽運動
- CRestricting fluid intake限制液體攝取
- DAdministering prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
術後肺炎（Post-operative pneumonia）常見原因為術後肺擴張不全（atelectasis）導致分泌物滯留，繼而引發感染。深呼吸與咳嗽運動（Deep breathing and coughing exercises）配合誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometry, IS），能有效擴張肺泡、改善通氣並促進痰液排出。預防術後併發症應優先採取非侵入性、能主動改善生理功能的措施。
Post-operative pneumonia is commonly caused by atelectasis after surgery, which leads to retained secretions and subsequent infection. Deep breathing and coughing exercises combined with use of an incentive spirometer (IS) effectively expand the alveoli, improve ventilation, and promote sputum clearance. For the prevention of postoperative complications, noninvasive measures that actively improve physiological function should be prioritized.