— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人獲開立每 12 小時靜脈輸注 1 克萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。為了預防「紅人症候群」，護理師應執行哪項措施？
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin 1g every 12 hours. Which nursing action is essential to prevent 'red man syndrome'?
- AMonitor for signs of ototoxicity監測耳毒性跡象
- BAdminister the infusion over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少於 60 分鐘內完成輸注
- CVerify the serum creatinine level before administration給藥前確認血清肌酸酐濃度
- DEnsure the client has a patent peripheral IV line確保病人周邊靜脈通路暢通
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快，導致組織胺釋放引起的類過敏反應。為預防此併發症，建議輸注時間至少維持在 60 分鐘以上。這與藥物過敏反應不同，屬於輸注速率依賴的藥物副反應，透過放慢速度可有效緩解。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-mediated pseudoallergic reaction caused by too-rapid infusion of vancomycin. To prevent this complication, the infusion time should be at least 60 minutes. Unlike a true drug allergy, it is a rate-dependent adverse reaction and can be effectively relieved by slowing the rate.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆視慢速輸注為標準作業，但台灣護理單位常規會併用預防性抗組織胺（如 Diphenhydramine）。