— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應針對服用華法林 (Warfarin) 的病人進行哪些衛教？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持維生素K豐富食物的攝取量一致
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush for daily oral hygiene✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷進行日常口腔清潔
- CIncrease intake of cranberry juice to prevent interactions增加蔓越莓汁的攝取以預防交互作用
- DReport any unusual bleeding or bruising to the healthcare provider✓ 正解向醫療提供者報告任何異常出血或瘀青
- ECheck with the provider before starting any new herbal supplements✓ 正解在開始服用任何新草藥補充品前先諮詢提供者
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
服用 Warfarin 的關鍵在於飲食穩定。維生素 K 會拮抗藥效，必須維持每日攝取量恆定而非禁止食用。出血風險高，需採取軟毛牙刷。蔓越莓汁可能增強抗凝血效果，應避免過量攝取。草藥如銀杏、大蒜等常會加重出血風險，需諮詢醫師。
The key to warfarin therapy is dietary consistency. Vitamin K antagonizes the drug's effect, so daily intake should remain consistent rather than eliminated. Bleeding risk is high, so a soft-bristled toothbrush should be used. Cranberry juice may potentiate the anticoagulant effect and should not be consumed in excess. Herbal supplements such as ginkgo and garlic often increase bleeding risk and should be discussed with the provider.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國非常強調 INR 自我監測的概念，台灣則多仰賴定期回診抽血檢測。