一位患有慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的病人感到呼吸困難。護理師應鼓勵病人採取哪種體位？
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing difficulty breathing. Which position should the nurse encourage the client to assume?
- ALateral position with the affected side down患側在下的側臥位
- BSupine with feet slightly elevated足部略微抬高的仰臥位
- CProne position with a pillow under the chest胸部下方墊枕頭的俯臥位
- DOrthopneic or Tripod position✓ 正解端坐前傾或三腳架姿勢
COPD 病人面臨的主要問題是呼氣困難與橫膈膜受限。端坐呼吸（Orthopneic）或三腳架體位（Tripod position）是透過讓病人坐起並身體前傾，雙手撐在膝蓋或桌上，來增加胸廓空間並利用重力讓橫膈膜下移。這種姿勢能減少呼吸輔助肌的負擔，並最大化肺部的擴張體積能力。選項 B 平躺會讓內臟上壓橫膈，加重呼吸困難；選項 C 俯臥常用於 ARDS 而非一般 COPD 喘息；選項 A 側臥對改善整體通氣的效果不如坐姿顯著。在臨床基礎護理中，環境與體位的調整往往是改善呼吸舒適度的第一步。
The primary problem in clients with COPD is difficulty with expiration and limited diaphragmatic movement. The orthopneic or tripod position involves having the client sit up and lean forward with the hands supported on the knees or a table, increasing thoracic capacity and using gravity to allow the diaphragm to descend. This position reduces the workload of the accessory muscles of respiration and maximizes lung expansion. Option B (supine position) allows abdominal contents to push upward against the diaphragm, worsening dyspnea; option C (prone) is typically used in ARDS rather than ordinary COPD exacerbations; option A (lateral) does not improve overall ventilation as effectively as sitting. In basic nursing care, adjusting the environment and positioning is often the first step in improving respiratory comfort.
美國護理強調 Tripod position 的專業術語與病理機轉教育；在台灣臨床，護理師常直接描述為『坐起來前傾趴在床上桌』，兩者實務一致，但考試時需對 Tripod 或 Orthopneic 術語具備高度敏感度。