— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · SATA —
下列哪些護理措施能協助住院病人維持適當營養攝取？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing interventions helps a client maintain adequate nutrition during a hospital stay? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform oral hygiene before meals✓ 正解餐前執行口腔衛生護理
- BEnsure the bedside environment is free from odors✓ 正解確保床邊環境無異味
- CAdminister antiemetics 30 minutes before mealtime✓ 正解餐前 30 分鐘給予止吐劑
- DEncourage the client to choose their own food preferences✓ 正解鼓勵病人自行選擇偏好的食物
- EProvide large, infrequent meals to reduce interruptions提供大量且不頻繁的餐點以減少干擾
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
改善病人的食慾與進食量，必須從環境與生理需求著手。口腔清潔可提升口感；異味是食慾殺手；預防性止吐藥能減輕噁心導致的厭食；自主選擇餐點則能增加病人的進食動力。大餐反而會造成胃部負擔，少量多餐才是正確做法。
Improving a client's appetite and intake must address both environmental and physiological needs. Oral hygiene improves taste; odors suppress appetite; prophylactic antiemetics relieve nausea-induced anorexia; and allowing the client to choose food increases motivation to eat. Large meals tend to overburden the stomach; small, frequent meals are the correct approach.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理重視由護理師主導餐食安排的舒適度，台灣則較依賴家屬準備或訂餐，護理師較少介入病人的飲食喜好選擇。