護理師協助有吞嚥困難病史的病人準備午餐，下列哪項措施最能預防吸入性肺炎？
A nurse is preparing a client with a history of dysphagia for lunch. Which action is the most appropriate to prevent aspiration?
- AEncourage the client to lie down immediately after the meal鼓勵病人在餐後立即躺下
- BProvide large bites to stimulate the gag reflex提供大口食物以刺激嘔吐反射
- COffer thin liquids to keep the throat hydrated提供稀薄液體以保持咽喉濕潤
- DPlace the client in a high-Fowler's position✓ 正解將病人置於高福勒氏體位（high-Fowler's position）
吞嚥困難病人最核心的預防吸入措施是維持正確的姿勢。高坐姿（High-Fowler's）利用重力輔助吞嚥並減少食物逆流。薄液體最易滑入氣管而非食道，故通常需添加增稠劑。大口吞嚥易造成阻塞，躺下則會增加逆流與吸入風險，餐後應維持坐姿至少 30 分鐘。
For clients with dysphagia, the most essential measure to prevent aspiration is maintaining proper positioning. High-Fowler's position uses gravity to facilitate swallowing and reduce reflux of food. Thin liquids most easily slip into the trachea rather than the esophagus, so they typically require a thickening agent. Large bites can cause obstruction, and lying down increases the risk of reflux and aspiration; the client should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after the meal.
台美對吞嚥困難評估皆高度依賴語言治療師（SLP）評估，但在臨床教導上，美國護理師更重視由治療師定義的稠度分級（IDDSI）。