病人因宗教信仰拒絕輸血。護理師應採取的第一個行動是什麼？
A client refuses a blood transfusion due to religious beliefs. What should be the nurse's first action?
- AAsk the client's family to persuade them請求家屬說服病人
- BRespect the client's decision and notify the physician✓ 正解尊重病人的決定並通知醫師
- CProceed with the transfusion if the client is unconscious若病人失去意識則進行輸血
- DExplain the life-saving benefits of the transfusion解釋輸血挽救生命的益處
護理倫理核心為自主權（Autonomy）。若病人在清醒、知情且具有判斷力的情況下拒絕醫療行為，護理師必須尊重其決定。首要步驟是尊重病人意願，並立即回報主治醫師，以便團隊討論替代治療方案（如輸血替代品或改變手術計畫）。強迫輸血會構成醫療侵權。
The core of nursing ethics is autonomy. If a patient is awake, informed, and possesses decision-making capacity and refuses a medical intervention, the nurse must respect this decision. The first step is to respect the patient's wishes and promptly notify the attending physician so the team can discuss alternative treatment options (such as blood substitutes or modifying the surgical plan). Forcibly transfusing the patient would constitute medical battery.
美國對 Advance Directive (預立醫療決定) 及拒絕醫療行為有明確法律保障；台灣在宗教拒絕輸血處理上，常需與家屬溝通並由倫理委員會介入。