護理師照護一位正接受輸血的病人，病人出現畏寒與下背痛。護理師應先採取何項措施？
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a blood transfusion and develops chills and low back pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- ASlow the rate of the blood infusion減慢血液輸注速率
- BObtain a urine specimen取得尿液檢體
- CStop the transfusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸血
- DAdminister an antihistamine as ordered依醫囑給予抗組織胺
輸血反應的評估與處理遵循「安全優先」原則。當病人出現畏寒、發熱、下背痛等症狀時，應高度懷疑發生急性溶血性輸血反應（Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction）。此時護理師的首要任務是立即停止輸血，以斷絕抗原抗體反應的來源，隨後更換輸液管路並以生理食鹽水維持靜脈通路，保護病人循環系統。
Assessment and management of transfusion reactions follow the principle of 'safety first.' When the client develops chills, fever, or low back pain, an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction should be strongly suspected. The nurse's first priority is to stop the transfusion immediately to cut off the source of the antigen-antibody reaction, then change the IV tubing and maintain venous access with normal saline to protect the client's circulatory system.