護理師準備給藥，哪項措施對於防止給藥錯誤最為有效？

防止給藥錯誤（Medication errors）是病人安全的首要目標之一，而確保給藥對象正確是其中最基本且關鍵的一環。病人識別（Client identification）是防止給錯藥的第一道防線。 正確答案 D（使用兩個識別標記核對病人身份）是最有效的預防措施。這通常包括核對病人的姓名與出生日期（或病歷號碼），並與病人手腕帶上的資訊進行比對。美國醫療機構安全協會（The Joint Commission）強烈建議使用至少兩個病人識別標記，以最大程度地減少辨識錯誤。 選項 C（檢查病房號）不可靠，因為病房號可能變動或有多位病人。選項 A（詢問病人姓名）雖然是識別方法之一，但應與另一項識別標記（如出生日期）結合使用，單獨使用可能不夠。選項 B（檢查床尾牌）雖然提供資訊，但有時會被誤放或未及時更新，不如直接與病人及其腕帶核對來得安全。

Preventing medication errors is one of the foremost goals of patient safety, and ensuring that the medication is given to the correct client is the most fundamental and critical step. Client identification is the first line of defense against medication errors. The correct answer D (using two identifiers to verify the client's identity) is the most effective preventive measure. This typically involves checking the client's name and date of birth (or medical record number) against the information on the client's wristband. The Joint Commission strongly recommends using at least two patient identifiers to minimize identification errors. Option C (checking the room number) is unreliable, because room numbers may change and rooms may be shared. Option A (asking the client to state their name), although one method of identification, should be combined with another identifier such as date of birth; used alone it may not be sufficient. Option B (checking the name on the foot of the bed) provides information but signs are sometimes misplaced or not updated promptly, making it less reliable than verifying directly with the client and the wristband.