— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備運送一位懷疑罹患活動性肺結核(TB)的病人,下列哪項措施是必要的?
A nurse is preparing to transport a client with suspected active tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is essential?
- AUse a specialized transport ventilator使用專用轉運呼吸器
- BEnsure the client is transported in a lead-lined room確保病人於鉛襯房間內轉運
- CPlace a N95 respirator on the client為病人戴上 N95 呼吸器
- DPlace a surgical mask on the client✓ 正解為病人戴上外科口罩
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核(TB)屬於空氣傳播(Airborne precautions),病原體可懸浮於空氣中。運送病人時,首要目標是控制傳染源,即防止含有結核桿菌的飛沫核散播。讓病人佩戴外科口罩(Surgical mask)能有效攔截其呼出的微粒。N95 口罩是保護醫護人員免於吸入微粒,而非給病人使用。此外,運送過程中必須保持路線暢通,並提前通知接收單位做好防護準備。
Placing a surgical mask on the client containing respiratory secretions helps prevent the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to others during transport. While airborne precautions are required for the environment, the patient wears a surgical mask to contain droplets, whereas healthcare personnel wear N95 respirators for personal protection.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院對於空氣傳播病人的運送,極度強調「通知(Notify)」機制。在轉運前,護理師必須通知檢驗科或放射科,確保病人到達時能直接進入負壓環境,減少在走廊或候診區停留的時間。