— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導病人自我注射胰島素，哪些衛教內容是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the self-administration of insulin. Which instructions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解旋轉注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BInject insulin at a 90-degree angle for most patients✓ 正解大多數病人以 90 度角注射胰島素
- CStore unopened insulin vials in the freezer將未開啟的胰島素安瓿瓶存放在冷凍庫
- DWash hands thoroughly before preparing the dose✓ 正解配製劑量前徹底洗手
- EGently roll NPH insulin vials between palms before drawing✓ 正解抽取前在兩手掌間輕輕滾動 NPH 胰島素瓶
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素衛教重點：輪替部位預防脂肪增生或萎縮；常規皮下注射採 90 度角；施打前手部清潔防感染；NPH 屬於懸浮液，施打前需輕輕搖勻（滾動）。儲存方面，未開封胰島素應置於冷藏（2-8°C），絕不可冷凍，冷凍會導致蛋白質變性失活。
Key teaching points for insulin self-administration: rotate sites to prevent lipohypertrophy or atrophy; subcutaneous injection is typically performed at a 90-degree angle; wash hands before injection to prevent infection; and because NPH is a suspension, the vial should be gently rolled to mix before drawing. For storage, unopened insulin should be refrigerated (2-8°C) and never frozen, as freezing denatures the protein and inactivates it.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣因健保普及，多數病人對衛教接受度高，但胰島素筆型裝置在美國普及率較高，台灣仍有部分病人使用傳統空針。