— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
病人腹部手術後 24 小時。哪項護理措施最能有效預防術後肺部併發症？
A client is 24 hours post-abdominal surgery. Which nursing action is most effective in preventing post-operative pulmonary complications?
- AProviding oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min以鼻導管給予 2 L/min 的氧氣
- BAdministering oral antibiotics給予口服抗生素
- CMaintaining strict bed rest維持嚴格臥床休息
- DEncouraging early and frequent ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期且頻繁的下床活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
早期下床活動（Early ambulation）是預防術後肺炎與肺塌陷最有效的方法，能促進肺部擴張與分泌物排除。抗生素用於治療而非預防肺塌陷；絕對臥床會增加併發症風險；氧氣治療僅緩解症狀，無法預防併發症發生。
Early ambulation is the most effective method for preventing postoperative pneumonia and atelectasis because it promotes lung expansion and clearance of secretions. Antibiotics treat infection rather than prevent atelectasis; strict bed rest increases the risk of complications; oxygen therapy only alleviates symptoms and does not prevent complications from developing.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆極力推行「ERAS」快速康復流程，強調術後第一天即下床活動，減少併發症並縮短住院天數。