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基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師評估一位高齡病人有皮膚損傷風險。下列哪項措施對預防壓瘡最有效?

The nurse identifies that an older adult client is at risk for skin breakdown. Which intervention is most effective in preventing pressure injuries?

  • AKeeping the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees at all times.
    始終將床頭抬高至四十五度
  • BMassaging reddened bony prominences every 2 hours.
    每兩小時按摩發紅的骨骼突出處
  • CImplementing a repositioning schedule at least every 2 hours.✓ 正解
    實施至少每兩小時一次的翻身計畫
  • DApplying a donut-shaped cushion to relieve sacral pressure.
    應用甜甜圈形墊子以緩解薦骨壓力
Explanation · 中文詳解

預防壓瘡的核心在於定期移除壓力負荷。每 2 小時翻身(C)是國際公認的黃金標準,能確保微血管灌流不因長時間受壓而中斷。選項 B(按摩發紅處)是過時且有害的做法,因為發紅處代表深層組織已受損,按摩會加劇組織撕裂與微血管破裂。選項 D(甜甜圈氣墊)會造成邊緣區域循環不良,現在已不建議使用。選項 A(長期抬高床頭 45 度)會增加剪力(shearing force),導致薦骨處皮膚與骨骼移位而受損。臨床護理師應運用 Braden Scale 進行風險分級,並以規律翻身與減壓床墊為首選防線。

Repositioning the client at least every two hours redistributes pressure and restores blood flow to compressed tissues, which is the most effective way to prevent pressure injuries. Other interventions like massaging reddened areas or using donut cushions can cause further tissue damage.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國強調『翻身團隊』或使用翻身輔助科技(如感應墊),並嚴格落實『每 2 小時』規範。台灣臨床護理人力較吃緊,有時依賴看護或家屬翻身,但護理師仍負有最終評估與教育責任,需確認翻身品質。

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