護理師為病人進行無菌傷口換藥。下列哪些動作能維持無菌原則？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing care to a client who requires a sterile dressing change. Which actions should the nurse take to maintain sterility? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the sterile field within the line of vision✓ 正解保持無菌區在視線範圍內
- BHold sterile objects above waist level✓ 正解將無菌物品保持在腰部以上
- CTouch only the outer one-inch border of the sterile field✓ 正解僅觸碰無菌區的外側一英吋邊緣
- DUse sterile forceps to drop items onto the field✓ 正解使用無菌鑷子將物品放置於無菌區上
- EReach across the sterile field to save time為了節省時間而跨越無菌區
無菌技術（Sterile technique）是預防醫療照護相關感染的關鍵。無菌區必須持續處於視線範圍內，以隨時監控是否有污染。所有無菌物品必須保持在腰部以上，因為低於腰部視為視線死角且易污染。無菌布的邊緣 2.5 公分（1 英寸）被視為「污染邊緣」，不可觸碰。若需移動物品，應使用無菌鉗，且絕對禁止跨越無菌區，因為衣服上的塵埃會隨氣流落下污染無菌區。
Maintaining sterility requires keeping the sterile field within direct line of sight and holding sterile items above waist level to avoid contamination from lower areas. The outer one-inch border of a sterile drape is considered unsterile and should not be touched. Using sterile forceps to transfer items prevents direct hand contact, while reaching across the field risks contaminating the area with particles from clothing.