— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的病人，預期會看到哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- AIntrusive thoughts about the trauma✓ 正解關於創傷的侵入性想法
- BAvoidance of reminders of the trauma✓ 正解逃避創傷的提醒物
- CIncreased arousal and reactivity✓ 正解過度警覺和反應增強
- DPersistent feelings of grandiosity持續的浮誇感
- ENegative alterations in cognition and mood✓ 正解認知和情緒的負面改變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
PTSD 的核心診斷準則包含：侵入性回憶（Flashbacks）、逃避與創傷相關的刺激、持續性的高警覺狀態（hyperarousal）、以及負面的情緒與認知改變（如罪惡感、麻木）。浮誇（grandiosity）通常與雙極性疾患的躁症期有關，非 PTSD 特徵。
Clients with PTSD typically exhibit intrusive memories of the trauma, avoidance of related stimuli, hyperarousal such as insomnia or irritability, and negative alterations in mood and cognition. Grandiosity is not a symptom of PTSD but is associated with bipolar disorder.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣社會對精神疾病仍存在較多標籤化，PTSD 病人往往較傾向尋求身心科診所而非大型綜合醫院的心理支持。