— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在照顧一位表現出憂鬱症狀的病人。下列哪些發現符合重度憂鬱發作？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs of depression. Which of the following findings would be consistent with a major depressive episode? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnhedonia✓ 正解快感缺失
- BPsychomotor retardation✓ 正解精神運動遲滯
- CFlight of ideas意念飛躍
- DFeelings of worthlessness✓ 正解無價值感
- EInsomnia or hypersomnia✓ 正解失眠或嗜睡
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
重度憂鬱發作的診斷準則包含情緒低落及失去興趣（Anhedonia）。其他常見生理與認知症狀包括：運動遲緩、無價值感、睡眠障礙（失眠或嗜睡）。選項 C（意念飛躍）為躁鬱症躁期（Manic episode）的特徵，不屬於憂鬱發作。
Major depressive episodes are characterized by anhedonia, psychomotor retardation, feelings of worthlessness, and sleep disturbances such as insomnia or hypersomnia. Flight of ideas is a symptom of mania, not depression, and is therefore excluded from the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國多使用 PHQ-9 量表進行篩檢；台灣醫療機構雖廣泛使用，但臨床常忽略隱性憂鬱的篩檢。