— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照顧一名低鉀血症的病患，應密切監測下列何種徵象？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which manifestation should the nurse monitor for closely?
- AHyperreflexia反射亢進
- BIncreased bowel sounds腸鳴音增加
- CShortness of breath and wheezing呼吸困難和哮鳴音
- DMuscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias✓ 正解肌肉無力和心律不整
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子對神經肌肉與心臟傳導至關重要。低血鉀會導致骨骼肌無力、反射減弱，嚴重時更會造成致命性心律不整（如 U 波出現、ST 段壓低）。A 應為腸蠕動變慢（減弱），C 非典型表現，A 是高血鉀或低血鈣的特徵。
Potassium is essential for normal nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction, so hypokalemia primarily manifests as skeletal muscle weakness and diminished reflexes. Cardiac conduction is also significantly affected, leading to potential arrhythmias and characteristic ECG changes such as flattened T waves or prominent U waves. Unlike hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia, hypokalemia typically causes decreased bowel sounds due to reduced gastrointestinal motility rather than hyperreflexia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床皆將心電圖監測視為低血鉀護理標準程序。