護理師監測輸血過程，病人出現寒顫與下背痛。優先行動為何？
A nurse is monitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion. The client develops chills and lower back pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
- ASlow the infusion rate減慢輸注速率
- BNotify the physician通知醫師
- CAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- DStop the transfusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸血
寒顫（chills）、發燒、下背痛與低血壓是急性溶血性輸血反應（acute hemolytic transfusion reaction）的典型徵兆，通常是因 ABO 血型不相容導致。這是一種危及生命的緊急狀況，護理師的首要行動必須是立即停止輸血，以切斷抗原-抗體反應的來源。隨後應更換管路並使用生理鹽水維持靜脈暢通（KVO），並通知醫師與血庫進行後續處理。任何延誤都可能導致不可逆的腎衰竭或瀰漫性血管內凝血（DIC）。
Chills, fever, lower back pain, and hypotension are classic signs of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, usually caused by ABO incompatibility. This is a life-threatening emergency, and the nurse's first action must be to immediately stop the transfusion to cut off the source of the antigen-antibody reaction. The tubing should then be changed and normal saline used to keep the vein open (KVO), and the physician and blood bank should be notified for further management. Any delay can lead to irreversible renal failure or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).