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心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位患有思覺失調症的病人正經歷幻聽,並說:「那些聲音一直跟我說我是個壞人。」護理師最合適的回應為何?

A client with schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations and says, 'The voices are telling me I am a bad person.' Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

  • AYou shouldn't listen to them; we know you are a good person.
    你不應該聽它們的話;我們知道你是個好人。
  • BWhat exactly are the voices telling you to do right now?
    那些聲音現在具體叫你去做了什麼?
  • CI don't hear any voices; you are just imagining things.
    我沒聽到任何聲音;你只是在胡思亂想。
  • DI believe you hear them, but I do not hear any voices myself.✓ 正解
    我相信你聽到了聲音,但我自己沒有聽到任何聲音。
Explanation · 中文詳解

處理幻覺的護理核心原則是「呈現現實(Presenting Reality)」且「不否認病人的感受」。選項 D 採用了這種技巧:承認病人確實聽到了聲音(承認其主觀真實性),同時明確指出護理師自己並沒有聽到(呈現客觀現實)。這種做法能建立信任且不強化幻覺。選項 C 直接否定病人,會破壞護病關係;選項 B 雖然在評估指令性幻聽(Command Hallucination)時很重要,但題目中病人已經說明了內容,且 B 是最基本的治療性回應;選項 A 給予虛假的安慰且試圖爭辯,效果不佳。臨床思路上,應先穩固病人的現實感,同時避免與病人的幻覺內容陷入爭論。

The nurse should acknowledge the client's experience by stating that they hear the voices while clarifying that the nurse does not, which presents reality without arguing or validating the hallucination. This therapeutic communication builds trust and helps ground the client, whereas dismissing the experience or offering empty reassurance is non-therapeutic.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 考題非常強調「Presenting Reality」的標準句式;台灣臨床實務中,護理人員有時會過於專注於詢問「聲音叫你去做什麼」(危險評估),而忽略了第一時間呈現現實的治療性對話技巧。

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