護理師照顧一位憂鬱症病人，下列哪些觀察徵象顯示病人有自傷的高風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a patient who exhibits signs of depression. Which of the following observations suggest the patient is at high risk for self-harm? (Select all that apply.)
- AGiving away personal belongings to roommates✓ 正解將個人物品贈送給室友
- BSudden improvement in mood and energy levels✓ 正解情緒和體力突然改善
- CExpressing feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness✓ 正解表達絕望和自我無價值感的感受
- DIncreased appetite and sleeping for 12 hours a day食慾增加，每天睡眠12小時
- EMaking final arrangements such as writing a will✓ 正解進行最後的安排，例如撰寫遺囑
憂鬱症病人若突然心情變好，常是因為「決定採取行動」而感到解脫，這反而最危險。處理財物、寫遺囑等告別儀式，以及表達絕望感，皆為自殺的高危險因子。睡眠過多雖然也是憂鬱症狀，但相較於上述行為，不直接構成自傷的急性警訊。
Signs of high suicide risk include giving away possessions, making final arrangements like writing a will, expressing hopelessness, and experiencing a sudden, unexplained improvement in mood, which may indicate the decision to end one's life. While increased sleep is a vegetative symptom of depression, it is not a direct indicator of imminent self-harm compared to these behavioral and cognitive warning signs.
美國護理機構對 suicide precautions 有極嚴格的 protocol，台灣通常需會診精神科，執行監視的密度與硬體限制較多。