— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備給予氯化鉀靜脈輸注，應遵循哪些安全預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which safety precautions must be followed? (Select all that apply.)
- AAlways administer via an infusion pump✓ 正解始終通過輸注幫浦給藥
- BVerify the concentration is no greater than 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral lines✓ 正解確認周邊靜脈輸液的濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- CAdminister as an IV push for rapid correction為快速糾正而進行靜脈推注
- DMonitor for phlebitis or infiltration at the site✓ 正解監測注射部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏
- EEnsure the client has adequate urine output before infusion✓ 正解確保病人在輸注前有足夠的尿量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀是高危險藥物，輸注必須精確控制速度，嚴禁靜脈推注（IV Push）以免導致心跳驟停。周邊靜脈濃度過高會造成靜脈炎；給藥前需確認病人有足夠尿量以防鉀離子滯留造成高血鉀。使用輸液幫浦是臨床強制規範，以確保單位時間內劑量穩定。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must be administered via an infusion pump to ensure precise control and prevent fatal arrhythmias from accidental bolusing. It is strictly contraindicated for IV push administration. Peripheral lines require lower concentrations to prevent vein irritation, and nurses must monitor for phlebitis while ensuring adequate renal function to avoid hyperkalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆將氯化鉀列為高警戒藥物，部分台灣醫院規定需兩位護理師雙重確認給藥，美國則依各醫院 Policy 而定。