— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位甲狀腺機能亢進病人。發生甲狀腺風暴時，護理師應監測哪些症狀？
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperthyroidism. Which symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a thyroid storm?
- AHypothermia and bradycardia低體溫與心搏過緩
- BWeight gain and lethargy體重增加與嗜睡
- CConstipation and dry skin便秘與皮膚乾燥
- DSevere hypertension and hyperpyrexia✓ 正解嚴重高血壓與高燒
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
甲狀腺風暴（Thyroid Storm）是一種嚴重的甲狀腺機能亢進併發症，屬於內分泌急症。其核心病理生理為過量的甲狀腺激素導致全身代謝率飆升，交感神經系統極度亢奮。臨床表現包括高熱（Hyperpyrexia）、嚴重心搏過速、高血壓、意識改變（如躁動、譫妄）及心衰竭。護理師需監測生命徵象以早期發現這些危險徵兆，並採取降溫、給予抗甲狀腺藥物及症狀支持治療，以防止病情惡化引發休克或心律不整。
Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism characterized by extreme metabolic acceleration and sympathetic overactivity. Nurses should monitor for severe hypertension, hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, and altered mental status, which distinguish it from hypothyroid conditions like myxedema coma.