— 照護管理 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師獲知社區發生重大災難，傷患眾多。為騰出床位，應優先出院哪位病人？
A nurse is informed of a disaster in the community with many casualties. Which client should be discharged first to clear beds for incoming trauma victims?
- AA client with pneumonia receiving IV antibiotics.接受靜脈注射抗生素的肺炎病人
- BA client who had an appendectomy 24 hours ago and is ambulating well.✓ 正解術後24小時且活動良好的闌尾切除術病人
- CA client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus requiring insulin education.新診斷糖尿病且需胰島素衛教的病人
- DA client with a history of heart failure awaiting a cardiac catheterization.有心衰竭病史且等待心臟導管檢查的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
在重大災難（Disaster）發生時，護理管理的核心原則是「釋放床位給更危急的傷患」。出院篩選標準應優先選擇「病情最穩定、照護需求最低」的病人。闌尾切除術後 24 小時的病人，若已能下床活動且無併發症，其醫療穩定度最高，是最適合出院的對象。其他選項（心衰竭、肺炎、新診斷糖尿病）皆需持續的藥物治療、監測或教育，不宜貿然出院。
During a disaster, priority is given to discharging clients who are medically stable and require the least amount of care to free up beds for incoming trauma victims. A client who is 24 hours post-appendectomy and ambulating well is the most stable among the options, whereas patients with pneumonia, new-onset diabetes, or heart failure require ongoing monitoring, treatment, or education.