— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為新診斷為 HIV 的病人制定護理計畫，下列哪些項目應納入？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client with a new diagnosis of HIV. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AEducate about the importance of medication adherence✓ 正解教育藥物順從性的重要性
- BImplement standard precautions for all client contact✓ 正解對所有病人接觸實施標準防護措施
- CDiscuss the need for routine viral load testing✓ 正解討論常規病毒載量檢測的需求
- DIsolate the client in a negative pressure room將病人安置於負壓隔離室
- EProvide information on support groups and counseling✓ 正解提供關於支持團體和諮商的資訊
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
HIV 照護重點為：建立藥物依從性以控制病毒載量、全面落實標準防護（不需要空氣隔離）、定期監測病毒量與 CD4 指數、提供心理支持。HIV 不透過空氣傳播，不需要負壓隔離。D 選項是結核病等空氣傳播疾病的措施。
Consistent antiretroviral therapy adherence prevents viral resistance and disease progression. Standard precautions are sufficient for HIV transmission prevention, making negative pressure isolation unnecessary as it is reserved for airborne pathogens. Routine viral load monitoring evaluates treatment efficacy, while psychosocial support aids long-term coping.
✦ 台美臨床差異
HIV 治療在台美均受嚴格隱私保護，但美國藥師參與藥物衛教比例較高，台灣仍由個案管理師負責整合照護。