護理師指導病人服用新處方的二甲雙胍（Metformin），病人應監測哪些副作用？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about newly prescribed metformin. Which side effects should the client be monitored for? (Select all that apply.)
- AMetallic taste✓ 正解金屬味
- BDiarrhea✓ 正解腹瀉
- CHypoglycemia低血糖
- DNausea✓ 正解噁心
- ELactic acidosis symptoms✓ 正解乳酸中毒症狀
Metformin 主要用於第二型糖尿病，其作用機制是抑制肝臟糖質新生並增加周邊組織對胰島素的敏感度。由於其作用不涉及刺激胰島素分泌，因此單獨使用時幾乎不會導致低血糖。護理師必須教育病人關於胃腸道副作用（常見）以及潛在的致命性副作用——乳酸中毒（Lactic acidosis），特別是在腎功能受損或造影劑檢查前後需特別注意。
Metformin is used mainly for type 2 diabetes; its mechanism of action is to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and to increase peripheral insulin sensitivity. Because it does not stimulate insulin secretion, it almost never causes hypoglycemia when used alone. The nurse must teach the patient about gastrointestinal adverse effects (which are common) and about the potentially lethal adverse effect of lactic acidosis, with particular caution in the setting of impaired renal function or before and after contrast studies.