懷疑腦膜炎的病人將進行腰椎穿刺。護理師在術前應執行哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A patient with suspected meningitis is scheduled for a lumbar puncture. Which actions should the nurse take before the procedure? (Select all that apply.)
- AEnsure informed consent is signed✓ 正解確保已簽署知情同意書
- BKeep the patient NPO for 8 hours讓病人禁食 8 小時
- CAssist the patient into a side-lying fetal position✓ 正解協助病人採取側臥胎兒姿勢
- DAssess baseline neurological status✓ 正解評估基線神經狀態
- EHave the patient void before the procedure✓ 正解讓病人在術前排空膀胱
腰椎穿刺（Lumbar Puncture）為侵入性檢查，術前準備首重安全、知情同意及精確的評估基準。擺位（胎兒姿勢）是為了增加腰椎間隙寬度，確保穿刺針能順利進入蛛網膜下腔。術前神經學評估至關重要，作為術後出現神經併發症（如血腫壓迫或腦脊髓液滲漏）時的比較基準。排空膀胱則能增加病人舒適度，並避免穿刺時壓迫腹部導致不適。NPO並非必要，因該檢查通常僅需局部麻醉，除非有特殊考量。
Before a lumbar puncture, the nurse must ensure informed consent is obtained, assess baseline neurological status, and assist the client into a side-lying fetal position to widen the intervertebral spaces. Additionally, having the client void beforehand enhances comfort and reduces the risk of bladder injury during the procedure.
在美國臨床實務中，腰椎穿刺後的平躺時間常依據醫院政策（Protocol）而異，有些機構已不再強制要求術後平躺數小時，護理師需遵循單位指引（Unit-specific policy）。