— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位活動性肺結核病人，哪項介入措施對醫療人員安全最為關鍵？
A nurse is caring for a client with active tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is most critical to ensure safety for healthcare personnel?
- AWearing a surgical mask when entering the client's room進入病人房間時佩戴外科口罩
- BImplementing contact precautions for all staff對所有員工實施接觸隔離措施
- CPlacing the client in a private room with negative pressure airflow✓ 正解將病人安置於具有負壓氣流的私人病房
- DRestricting visitors to only immediate family members限制訪客僅限直系親屬
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核（TB）屬於空氣傳播疾病，病原體可懸浮於空氣中。負壓隔離病房能有效將污染空氣排出戶外，防止病菌散佈至走廊或其他病室。外科口罩無法過濾微小的結核分枝桿菌，醫療人員必須配戴 N95 口罩。接觸隔離對 TB 無效，限制訪客並非首要防護策略。
To ensure safety for healthcare personnel, a client with active tuberculosis must be placed in a private room with negative pressure airflow to contain airborne pathogens. Surgical masks are ineffective against TB; staff must wear N95 respirators, and contact precautions are not the primary requirement.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台針對 TB 負壓病房的規範皆極為嚴格，但美國重視環境監測與護理師 Fit test，台灣則強調早期診斷與個案管理系統。