護理師準備給予病人靜脈注射氯化鉀 20 mEq。護理師應執行哪些動作?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride 20 mEq IV piggyback to a client. Which actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the medication concentration with another nurse✓ 正解與另一位護理師確認藥物濃度。
- BEnsure the infusion rate does not exceed 10 mEq per hour✓ 正解確保輸注速率不超過每小時 10 mEq。
- CAssess the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解評估靜脈注射部位是否有靜脈炎的跡象。
- DAdminister the medication via IV push to ensure rapid absorption經靜脈推注給藥以確保快速吸收。
- EUse an infusion pump to regulate the flow rate✓ 正解使用輸液幫浦調節流速。
靜脈輸注鉀離子是高風險給藥,極易導致靜脈炎或心律不整。為了確保病人安全,必須嚴格遵守藥物計算與輸注規範。首先,鉀離子必須經由輸液幫浦(Infusion Pump)控制速度,禁止直接靜脈推注(IV Push),因為推注高濃度鉀離子會造成心臟驟停。輸注速度通常限制在每小時 10 mEq,且必須透過周邊血管輸注時確保管路暢通,預防藥物外滲導致組織壞死。雙重核對(Double check)則是為了避免算錯濃度或劑量,這是 NCLEX 的核心安全準則。選項 D 錯誤的原因是鉀離子推注是致命錯誤,絕對禁止,必須嚴格區分給藥途徑。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must be administered via an infusion pump to ensure precise control of the flow rate, which should not exceed 10 mEq/hour to prevent cardiac toxicity. The nurse must verify the concentration with another nurse and assess the IV site for phlebitis, as potassium is highly irritating to veins. IV push administration is strictly prohibited due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrest.
美國護理規範對於高警訊藥物(High-Alert Medications)有強制性雙人核對系統,並普遍使用條碼給藥系統(BCMA);台灣醫院雖然亦導入 BCMA,但部分小型醫療機構仍依賴人工確認,且對於鉀離子稀釋濃度與最大流速的 Protocol 常見不同等級的限制。