— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · SATA —
護理師指導病人自我注射胰島素，哪些指導是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which instructions are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BStore unopened insulin in the freezer將未開啟的胰島素存放在冷凍庫
- CClean the skin with alcohol before injection✓ 正解注射前以酒精清潔皮膚
- DDraw up cloudy insulin before clear insulin in the same syringe在同一支注射器中，先抽取混濁型胰島素再抽取清澈型胰島素
- EUse a 90-degree angle for subcutaneous injection✓ 正解皮下注射時採用九十度角
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素注射需遵循無菌原則及正確儲存。冷凍會破壞胰島素結構，應冷藏或室溫。混合胰島素應遵循「清至濁」（Clear to Cloudy）原則。定期更換部位預防皮下脂肪增生。90 度角注射適用於現代細針頭。
Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent absorption. Clean the skin with alcohol to reduce infection risk, and use a 90-degree angle for subcutaneous injections with modern short needles.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國多由藥師或糖尿病衛教師指導；台灣糖尿病衛教師（CDE）常由護理師擔任，衛教內容非常標準化。