— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師在為一位高跌倒風險的病人制定護理計畫,應包含哪些措施?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for falls. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將病床保持在最低位置
- BPlace personal items within reach✓ 正解將個人物品放置在伸手可及之處
- CKeep the call light accessible✓ 正解確保呼叫鈴容易取得
- DApply physical restraints to keep the client in bed使用身體約束具將病人固定在床上
- EEncourage the client to use non-slip footwear✓ 正解鼓勵病人穿著防滑鞋
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
跌倒預防是 NCLEX 考試中「風險降低(Reduction of Risk Potential)」領域的核心議題。預防跌倒的基本原則在於環境安全設計與增加病人自主能力的便利性,而非限制活動。正確選項皆致力於降低病人因起身、移動或尋找物品而發生意外的風險。身體約束(physical restraints)不僅無法預防跌倒,反而因活動受限導致肌肉萎縮、認知功能下降與焦慮,甚至增加掙扎時的跌倒風險,僅能在極端且經醫師評估後作為最後手段,絕非常規防跌措施。
Maintain safety by keeping the bed in the lowest position, placing personal items within reach, and ensuring the call light is accessible. Avoid physical restraints as they increase fall risk and are not a routine preventive measure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國醫院,防跌措施強調「環境調整」優於「約束」。台灣臨床有時較習慣使用約束帶預防跌倒,但在美國此舉需極嚴格的醫師醫囑(Restraint Order)且需每 24 小時重新評估,護理師若未經評估擅自約束,恐面臨法律訴訟。