— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師執行大型手術傷口護理，下列何者符合維持無菌操作原則？
A nurse is cleaning a large surgical wound. Which action is appropriate to maintain sterility?
- AClean from the outside toward the center of the wound由傷口外側向中心清潔
- BHold the cleaning solution container 10 cm above the site將清潔液容器置於距離部位上方10公分處
- CUse the same gauze pad for the entire wound使用同一塊紗布清潔整個傷口
- DClean from the center of the wound outward✓ 正解由傷口中心向外側清潔
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
無菌操作的核心原則是「由內而外」、「由乾淨到污染」。傷口本身（尤其是手術切口）被視為最乾淨的區域，而周邊皮膚則帶有常駐菌叢。若從外部向中心清潔，會將皮膚表面的微生物帶入無菌傷口，增加感染風險。護理師必須確保清潔動作單一方向，且每擦拭一次即更換紗布，以防交叉污染。保持適當距離可避免清潔液因衝擊力過大造成細菌飛濺（Splashing）。
Clean from the center of the wound outward to move pathogens away from the cleanest area. This technique maintains sterility by preventing the introduction of contaminants from the surrounding skin into the wound.