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藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ

一位病人被診斷為肺結核並開始接受包含 rifampin(利福平)在內的多藥聯合治療。護理師應指導病人預期會出現哪種副作用?

A client is diagnosed with tuberculosis and is started on a multi-drug regimen, including rifampin. Which side effect should the nurse instruct the client to expect?

  • APeripheral neuropathy
    周邊神經病變
  • BHearing loss and vertigo
    聽力喪失和眩暈
  • CVision changes and difficulty seeing color
    視力改變和辨色困難
  • DOrange discoloration of urine and tears✓ 正解
    尿液和淚液呈現橘色
Explanation · 中文詳解

Rifampin(RIF)是結核病治療的第一線藥物,其最顯著且常見的良性副作用是將體液(如尿液、汗液、唾液、淚液)染成橘紅色(D)。護理師必須事先告知病人,以免病人因驚慌而自行停藥,並提醒其此期間應避免佩戴隱形眼鏡,以免鏡片永久染色。選項 A(周邊神經病變)是 Isoniazid (INH) 的副作用;選項 C(視力改變)是 Ethambutol (EMB) 的特徵性副作用;選項 B(聽力受損)則多見於 Streptomycin 等氨基糖苷類藥物。這題測驗護理師對結核病藥物副作用的鑑別診斷與衛教能力。

Rifampin commonly causes harmless orange-red discoloration of body fluids such as urine, tears, and sweat. Patients should be instructed to expect this effect to prevent alarm and avoid stopping the medication.

✦ 台美臨床差異

台美在結核病治療(DOTS 策略)上高度一致。護理師在衛教時,美國較常提到對隱形眼鏡的損壞,而台灣則更強調尿液變色與 INH 造成的肝功能指數升高。

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