— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin）的病人。哪些症狀提示可能出現「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client receiving vancomycin IV. Which symptoms suggest the development of 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部和頸部潮紅
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- CWheezing and dyspnea喘鳴和呼吸困難
- DPruritus of the upper trunk✓ 正解上半身搔癢
- ERash on the face and neck✓ 正解臉部和頸部皮疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺大量釋放。臨床表現包括臉部、頸部及軀幹上部的潮紅（Flushing）、搔癢（Pruritus）及紅疹（Rash），嚴重時會伴隨低血壓。呼吸困難與喘鳴（Wheezing）則較傾向於過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis），而非紅人症候群。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin leading to histamine release, resulting in flushing, pruritus, and rash on the face, neck, and upper trunk, which may be accompanied by hypotension. Wheezing and dyspnea are not typical of Red Man Syndrome but suggest true anaphylaxis, requiring different management.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆強調輸注時間至少 60 分鐘以預防此症，處理模式皆為暫停輸注並由醫師評估。