— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
一位病人出現戒酒症狀。護理師在初步評估時應優先關注哪些徵象?(選所有適合的)
A client is experiencing signs of alcohol withdrawal. Which assessment findings should the nurse prioritize during the initial check? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BTachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- CHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
- DAuditory hallucinations聽覺幻覺
- EFine tremors✓ 正解細微震顫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
戒酒症狀主要表現為交感神經過度興奮,包括盜汗、心跳過快、高血壓及手部震顫。這些生理徵象反映出 CNS 脫抑制狀態,是發生癲癇發作或震顫性譫妄的前兆。聽覺幻覺屬於較後期的譫妄表現,雖然重要,但在初始生命徵象評估中,生理不穩定指標的監測具最高優先級。
Alcohol withdrawal initially presents with signs of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, including diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension, and fine tremors. These physiological indicators reflect CNS disinhibition and are priority assessments because they precede more severe complications like seizures or delirium tremens.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國多使用 CIWA-Ar 量表進行結構化評估;台灣臨床多依醫師個人經驗調整 Benzodiazepine 劑量,結構化量表使用率較低。