— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導第一型糖尿病個案關於「生病期間」的處理原則，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 1 Diabetes about sick day rules. Which statements should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck blood glucose levels every 3 to 4 hours✓ 正解每 3 至 4 小時測量血糖
- BDiscontinue insulin if you are unable to eat若無法進食則停止注射胰島素
- CTest urine for ketones if blood glucose is >240 mg/dL✓ 正解若血糖 >240 mg/dL 則檢測尿液酮體
- DDrink calorie-free fluids to stay hydrated飲用無熱量液體以保持水分
- ENotify the physician if vomiting persists for more than 6 hours✓ 正解若嘔吐持續超過 6 小時則通知醫師
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
生病期間應加強監測血糖，避免酮酸中毒。血糖 >240 mg/dL 需驗尿酮。若發生持續嘔吐應通知醫師以免脫水與代謝混亂。B 錯誤：胰島素不可停，即便進食量少仍需基礎胰島素。D 錯誤：若無法進食，需補充含有碳水化合物的液體以預防低血糖。
Clients should check blood glucose frequently and test for ketones if levels exceed 240 mg/dL to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis. They should notify the provider if vomiting persists and consume carbohydrate-containing fluids rather than stopping insulin or drinking only calorie-free liquids.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國提倡病患主動管理病情，台灣則多透過衛教單張，且對門診病人自行調整胰島素的教育強度較保守。