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藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ

一位有青黴素過敏史的病人被開立頭孢唑林(cefazolin)。護理師應採取的最優先行動為何?

A client with a history of penicillin allergy is prescribed cefazolin. Which nursing action is the highest priority?

  • AObtain baseline vital signs
    取得基礎生命徵象
  • BObserve the client for 30 minutes after the first dose
    第一次給藥後觀察病人 30 分鐘
  • CAdminister the medication with an antihistamine
    與抗組織胺一起給藥
  • DContact the healthcare provider to verify the order✓ 正解
    聯絡醫療提供者以確認醫囑
Explanation · 中文詳解

頭孢菌素類(Cephalosporins)與青黴素(Penicillin)均含有β-內醯胺(β-lactam)環結構。對於有青黴素過敏史的病人,特別是曾發生過第一型過敏反應(如過敏性休克、蕁麻疹或喉頭水腫)者,使用頭孢唑林存在交叉過敏風險。護理師的最優先行動應是評估醫囑安全性,聯繫開立處方的醫師確認過敏史細節,以防發生嚴重的過敏反應。這是基於「安全至上」原則的護理判斷。

There is a risk of cross-sensitivity between penicillins and cephalosporins due to similar beta-lactam ring structures. The nurse's highest priority is to contact the healthcare provider to verify the order and assess the nature of the allergy history. This step ensures patient safety before administering the medication, as antihistamines do not prevent anaphylaxis.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床環境中,若病人有青黴素過敏史,電子病歷系統通常會跳出警示(Hard Stop),藥師也會進行藥物審核。護理師若發現醫囑未考量此過敏史,直接聯絡醫師(Provider)進行確認是標準作業流程(Scope of practice),且護理師在確認前不得給藥。

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