— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估一位憂鬱症病人，下列哪些發現符合重度憂鬱症的診斷？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs of depression. Which of the following findings are consistent with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnhedonia✓ 正解快感缺失
- BPsychomotor agitation or retardation✓ 正解精神運動性激動或遲滯
- CFlight of ideas意念飛躍
- DInsomnia or hypersomnia✓ 正解失眠或嗜睡
- EDiminished ability to think or concentrate✓ 正解思考或專注能力減弱
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
重度憂鬱症表現包含心情低落、喪失興趣（Anhedonia）、生理活動變化（激動或遲滯）、睡眠障礙（失眠或嗜睡）及認知功能受損（專注力下降）。「意念飛躍」（Flight of ideas）是躁鬱症躁期（Manic episode）的特徵，不屬於憂鬱症範疇。
Major depressive disorder is characterized by anhedonia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, sleep disturbances, and diminished concentration. These findings reflect core symptoms affecting mood, physical activity, and cognitive function. Flight of ideas is not associated with depression but is a hallmark sign of a manic episode in bipolar disorder.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫療體系中，憂鬱症篩檢多由身心科醫師主導，護理師角色多在心理支持與藥物衛教。