— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正給予心臟衰竭病人的藥物。哪一類藥物需要密切監測潛在的電解質不平衡，特別是低血鉀？
A nurse is administering medications to a client with heart failure. Which medication class requires careful monitoring for potential electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia?
- ADigoxinDigoxin（地高辛）
- BBeta-blockers乙型阻斷劑（Beta-blockers）
- CACE inhibitorsACE 抑制劑
- DDiuretics✓ 正解利尿劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
利尿劑（如 Furosemide）的主要作用是抑制腎小管對鈉與水的再吸收，促進尿液排出。此過程不僅排出鈉與水，同時也會伴隨鉀離子的流失，導致低血鉀（hypokalemia）。低血鉀會增加心臟對毛地黃類藥物（Digoxin）的敏感度，增加心律不整風險，因此護理師必須密切監測病人的電解質數值與臨床徵兆。
Diuretics, particularly loop and thiazide types, promote the excretion of sodium and water but also cause significant potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. This electrolyte imbalance increases the risk of digoxin toxicity and cardiac arrhythmias, necessitating close monitoring of serum potassium levels.