— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人獲醫囑開立靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。護理師應監測哪些症狀以預防紅人症候群？（選所有適合的）
A patient is prescribed an intravenous piggyback (IVPB) infusion of vancomycin. Which symptoms should the nurse monitor to identify Red Man Syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部與頸部潮紅
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DRespiratory distress呼吸困難
- EGeneralized erythematous rash✓ 正解全身性紅斑疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因萬古黴素輸注速度過快引發的組織胺大量釋放。臨床表現包括臉部、頸部與上軀幹潮紅、搔癢、蕁麻疹及低血壓。呼吸困難（D）通常是過敏性休克的徵兆，而非單純的紅人症候群特徵。處置原則為立即暫停輸注，並依醫囑給予抗組織胺。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by rapid vancomycin infusion leading to histamine release, resulting in hypotension, flushing of the face and neck, pruritus, and generalized erythematous rash. Respiratory distress is not a typical feature of Red Man Syndrome but may indicate anaphylaxis. The nurse should monitor for these specific signs and pause the infusion if they occur.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院多有嚴格的 Vancomycin 輸注規範（如 1g 需滴注 60-90 分鐘），減少此類反應。