護理師準備進行肌肉注射，下列哪些行動符合感染控制標準？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer an injection to a client. Which actions are consistent with infection control standards? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene before touching the client✓ 正解接觸病人前執行手部衛生
- BWear clean gloves for the injection注射時佩戴清潔手套
- CRecap the needle immediately after injection to prevent sticks注射後立即回套針頭以防刺傷
- DClean the skin site with an alcohol swab in a circular motion✓ 正解以環形動作用酒精棉片清潔皮膚部位
- EDispose of the needle in a puncture-resistant sharps container✓ 正解將針頭丟入防刺穿的利器盒
肌肉注射屬於侵入性程序，必須嚴格遵守無菌技術（Aseptic technique）以預防醫源性感染。護理師應確保執行前進行徹底手部衛生，消毒皮膚時採取由內向外旋轉的技術以將微生物向外帶離注射點，並在操作後立即將針頭棄置於專用的防刺容器（Sharps container）內，以防針扎事故發生。臨床思路應優先考量病人安全與感染控制規範。
Infection control during injections requires strict aseptic technique, including performing hand hygiene before contact and cleaning the skin site with an alcohol swab in a circular motion from the center outward. After the procedure, the needle must be disposed of immediately in a puncture-resistant sharps container to prevent accidental sticks, whereas recapping needles is prohibited.
美國臨床對於一般肌肉注射是否配戴手套，依據 CDC 標準及各醫院 Policy 有所不同；台灣臨床多習慣強制戴手套。在 NCLEX 考試中，若無體液接觸預期，手套並非強制，但手部衛生為絕對必要。