— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA —
哪些病人需要「保護性隔離（逆向隔離）」？（選所有適合的）
Which patients require 'Protective Environment' (Reverse Isolation)? (Select all that apply.)
- APost-transplant patients✓ 正解移植手術後病人
- BPatients on chemotherapy✓ 正解接受化學治療的病人
- CPatients with severe burns✓ 正解嚴重燒傷病人
- DPatients with HIV/AIDS (advanced)✓ 正解晚期愛滋病（HIV/AIDS）病人
- EPatients with pneumonia肺炎病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
保護性隔離（Protective environment），又稱逆向隔離，目的是保護免疫功能極度低下的病人，避免其接觸環境中的機會性感染病原體。這些病人包括接受器官移植者、化療期間免疫抑制者、大面積燒傷者（失去皮膚防護屏障）以及愛滋病晚期患者。病房通常需設為正壓（Positive pressure）以維持室內清潔空氣。
Protective isolation is required for clients with severely compromised immune systems, such as those post-transplant, undergoing chemotherapy, with extensive burns, or with advanced HIV/AIDS. This environment, often maintained under positive pressure, shields these vulnerable patients from opportunistic pathogens present in the general environment.